新型コロナウイルス（SARS-CoV-2）感染症（COVID-19）の脅威に立ち向かうため、2020年5月に異分野の専門家による共同研究グループ「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」を立ち上げ、小川誠司 医学研究科教授もそのタスクフォースメンバーとなりました。このたび、本研究グループは、COVID-19患者さん465名（うち重症/最重症者 359名）の血液細胞における遺伝子発現およびそのヒトゲノム配列の個人差との関連を調べる網羅的な解析を実施しました。
解析により、遺伝子発現を制御する原因変異として1,169のヒトゲノム変異が精緻に推定（fine-mapping）されました。その原因変異は遺伝的集団やCOVID-19の感染状況に依らず、欧米での先行研究と高い一致率を示すことがわかりました。また、COVID-19の重症度とゲノム変異による遺伝子発現制御の相互関係の解析（ieQTL解析）により、重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化パターンが特定ヒトゲノム変異の有無で異なる遺伝子（例: CLEC4C）が存在することが明らかにされました。さらに、その仕組みが、いくつかの細胞種に特異的な遺伝子発現により説明できることがわかりました。これらの結果は、感染する可能性を、特定遺伝子の細胞種に特異的な制御の仕組みの違いとして理解するためのさらなる考察につながると考えられます。
本研究成果は、2022年8月22日に、国際科学誌「Nature Communications」オンライン版に掲載されました。今後もコロナ制圧タスクフォースは、新型コロナウイルスと闘う患者さん、診療の最前線に立つ医療従事者と共に、新型コロナウイルスの克服、そして未来のパンデミックに備える社会の公器として、引き続き活動を続けていきます。
【DOI】
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32276-2
【KURENAIアクセスURL】
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/275961
Qingbo S. 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